Roselle Schools - Abraham Clark High School

Human Anatomy and Physiology Curriculum Guide Grades 11-12
Objectives	Core Curr. Content Standards	Instructional Activities	Assessment (Cross-curricular) (Multi-cultural)	Resources	GEPA HSPA Terra Nova
I. - An Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Body The student will be able to:				Human Anatomy and Physiology, Books and References*
¨ To learn basic definitions.	5.6	Discussion of definitions for anatomy, physiology, morphology, histology	Review questions	Text	R. II
¨ To learn the structural levels of organization.	5.6	Discussion of progression from the least complex to most complex: chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism	Review questions	Text	R. II
¨ To learn anatomical reference positions.	5.6	Discussion of directional terminology needed throughout the course: superior; inferior, anterior; posterior, medial; lateral, proximal; distal, superficial; deep	Review questions	Text	R. II
¨ To learn the planes and body cavities.	5.6	Discussion of reference systems to locate organs: sagital, frontal, transverse, ventral and dorsal cavities	Quiz on all terms	Teacher made
¨ To learn about body regions.	5.6	Students will recognize an object by its overall structure and form
¨ To learn and understand the balance of body functions.	5.6 5.1	Homeostasis: to maintain a relative constancy in the internal environment with feedback loops: sensor, control, effector	Review questions	Text	R. II
¨ To learn how to be safe in the Lab.	5.2 5.6	Discussion on lab safety rules and symbols Lab: The basic body plan and directional terms	Lab. safety test Laboratory report Test - Chapter 1	Teacher made Laboratory manual	R. IV R. II W. I
II. - Cells and Tissues
¨ To identify and discuss the basic structure and function of the 3 major components of the cell.	5.6 5.2	Discussion of the primary organelles within the 3 sections: cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus. Dittos and cell models will be used; Discussion of the differences in animal and plant cells Lab: Microscope skills - letter "e", wet mounts of plant and animal cells	Quiz on the functions of the organelles; Review questions Student drawings	Teacher made Text Anatomy coloring book Plate 2 Laboratory manual	R. II
¨ To learn about the movement of substances through a cell membrane.	5.6 5.2	Students will compare the major passive and active processes that act to move substances through cell membranes - diffusion osmosis, filtration, dialysis, Na/K pump, pinocytosis, phagocytosi Lab: Osmosis, diffusion, filtration, dialysis, experiments with membranes	Review questions Laboratory report	Text Laboratory manual Text	R. II R. II R. IV
¨ To review cell reproduction and heredity.	5.6 5.7	Students will compare and discuss DNA and RNA and their function in protein synthesis; Discussion of the stages in mitosis and explain the importance of cellular reproduction	Review questions Test on cells, transport and reproduction	Text Anatomy coloring book Plate 3 Teacher made	R. II W. I
¨ To understand that cells are organized into tissues and what the types are.	5.6	Students will learn the 4 primary tissues		Anatomy coloring book Plates 4-7
¨ To learn and understand the classification of the primary tissues.	5.6	Each primary tissue will be explored with representative cells that make them up: epithelial, muscle, connective, nerve	Review questions	Text	R. II
¨ To explore intercellular structure.	5.2	Lab: To examine under the microscope, the structure and identify the functions of various tissues of the body	Laboratory report and drawings Test on tissues	Laboratory manual Teacher made	R. II R. IV
III. - Organ Systems of the Body
¨ To explore an overview of the organ systems of the body before they are studied individually.	5.6	The 11 major organ systems of the body will be listed. The major organs in each organ system will be identified and located. The major functions of each organ system will be discussed	Review questions Test on Chapter 3	Text Teacher made	R. II W. I
IV. - The Integumentary System and Body Membranes
¨ To classify the body membranes.	5.6	To classify, compare the structure of, and give examples of each type of body membrane epithelial and connective tissue membranes	Review questions	Text	R. II
¨ To learn about the skin.	5.6	To describe the structure and function of the epidermis and dermis. Describe each accessory organ of the skin. To describe the functions of the skin	Review questions Quiz	Text Anatomy coloring book Plates 104-105 Teacher made	R. II
¨ To learn about burns.	5.6 5.2	To classify burns and describe how to estimate the extent of a burn injury Lab: Integumentary System: Histology and Physiology	Review questions Laboratory report Lab drawings Test on Chapter 4	Text Laboratory manual Teacher made	R. II R. IV W. I
V. - The Skeletal System
¨ To learn the structure of bone, nature of bone tissue.	5.6	Discussion of the 4 principal types of bone: long, short, flat, irregular. Bone tissue: cancellous, compact. Identify the major anatomical structures found in a typical long bone	Review questions	Text	R. II
¨ To learn and understand the development and maintenance of bone (physiology).	5.2 5.6	Students will discuss ossification and how it occurs in fibrous membrane and flexible hyaline cartilage - including identification of specific cell types and structural features Lab: To identify the anatomy and histology in the long bone; Bone markings: projections and depressions	Review questions Laboratory report Lab drawings	Text Laboratory manual	R. II R. II R. IV
¨ To learn and understand the divisions of the skeleton (anatomy).	5.6 5.2	Students will learn all of the bones in the axial skeleton: cranium, face, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs Lab: Student will examine each bone and learn where they go and the job they do Students will learn all of the bones in appendicular skeleton: shoulder girdle, with the arms and hands and the pelvic girdle with the legs and feet Lab: Students will examine each appendicular bone to see how it looks and how all the bones fit together	Review questions Separate tests on skull, vertebrae, ribs Separate tests on shoulder and pelvic girdles Bone Practicum Exam	Text Anatomy coloring book Plates 9-12 Teacher made Laboratory manual Plates 15-22	W. I R. II
¨ To learn about joints and movement.	5.6	List and compare the major types of joints in the body and give an example of each	Review questions Test on Chapter 5	Text Teacher made	R. II W. I
VI. - The Muscular System
¨ To learn the anatomy of the Muscle tissue.	5.6	Discuss the microscopic structure of a skeletal muscle sarcomere and motor unit	Review questions	Text Anatomy coloring book Plates 23-24	R. II
¨ To learn and understand the Physiology of muscle tissue.	5.6 5.2	Students will learn how a muscle contraction takes place with all of the influences, energy and nerves; Properties of a contraction: twitch, isotonic vs. isometric contractions, muscle tone, production of heat; Lab: To observe 3 types of muscle tissue, Compare isotonic to isometric, Muscle contraction, To determine the rate of muscle, Fatigue	Review questions Test Laboratory report	Text Teacher made Laboratory manual	R. II R. IV
¨ To learn and understand the principles of skeletal muscle in action.	5.6 5.1	Students will discuss the types of attachments of muscles to bones: origin and insertions; The action of muscle groups, types of movement and naming skeletal muscles	Review questions	Text	R. II
¨ To identify, understand and appreciate how muscles work to move the skeleton.	5.6 5.2	Students will spend 2 weeks dissecting the muscles of a cat. They will work in sections of the body tracing the origin, insertion and actions of both superficial and deep muscles. These will be compared to human muscles.	Fill in blank chart of muscles that have to be learned Test on the muscles studied in dissection	Cat manual; Laboratory manual; Video: The Living Body Movement Teacher made	R. II R. IV W. I
VII. - The Nervous System
¨ To understand the organization of nervous tissue.	5.6	Students will discuss the neuraoglial cells structure of the neuron - identifying all parts and their functions.	Review questions Quiz	Text Anatomy coloring book Plates 112-114 Teacher made	R. II
¨ To understand the physiology of the neuron.	5.6 5.2	Students will compare and contrast the propagation of a nerve impulse along a nerve fiber and across a synaptic cleft action potential Lab: To identify the anatomical functional components of a three neuron reflex arc	Review questions Laboratory report	Text Laboratory manual	R. II
¨ To understand the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system.	5.6 5.1 5.2 5.6	Using models, charts and drawings Discussion of the central nervous system (CNS) - the structure and function of the spinal cord and the brain: brain stem, cerebellum, diencphalon, cortex Compare and contrast spinal and cranial nerves; Lab: Observing the structures of a sheep brain and spinal cord observing the location of the cranial nerves; The peripheral nervous system: the somatic and autonomic divisions; Lab: Determining the effect of discrimination on reaction time	Review questions Quiz on spinal cord and brain Laboratory report Review questions Quiz on PNS Test on Chapter 7	Text Anatomy coloring book Plates 115-136 Teacher made Laboratory manual Text Video-The Living Body The Brain	R. II R. II R. IV W. I
VIII. - The Senses
¨ To understand the architecture of the eye.	5.6	Using models, charts and dittos, students will learn the accessory organs of the eye. They will learn the structure and functions of the parts of the eye. Discussion of the rods and cones	Review questions Quiz on the parts of the eye	Text Anatomy coloring book Plates 137-139 Teacher made	R. II
¨ To understand disorders in vision.	5.6 5.2	Students will learn about myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, astigmatism, cataracts, and glaucoma; Lab: Dissection of the cow eye	Review questions Quiz Laboratory report and drawings	Text Teacher made Laboratory manual	R. II
¨ To understand the anatomy of the ear.	5.6	Using the model of the ear and a ditto, students will learn all the parts of the ear and their functions	Review questions Quiz on the parts of the ear	Text Teacher made Anatomy coloring book Plates 140-141	R. II
¨ To understand the physiology of hearing and equilibrium.	5.6	Discussion of the characteristics of sound and the nature of equilibrium: static vs. dynamic	Review questions	Text	R. II
¨ To appreciate the senses of sight and hearing.	5.2	Lab: To examine the parts of the eye and ear; To determine visual and auditory acuity in the class population; To calculate the area of color sensitivity on the retina; Transmission of sound through air vs. through a solid	Laboratory report	Laboratory manual Video - The Living Body Eyes and Ears	R. IV
¨ To learn about chemical receptors and their functions.	5.6	Discuss the senses of small and taste	Review questions	Text	R. II
¨ To learn about general sense organs.	5.6	Discussion of the sense organs of the skin: free and encapsulated nerve endings	Review questions Test on Chapter 8	Text Teacher made	R. II W. I
IX. - The Endocrine System
¨ To learn about the mechanisms of hormone action.	5.6	Discussion of the differences between endocrine and exocrine glands Discussion of protein and steroid hormones	Review questions	Text	R. II
¨ To understand the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine glands.	5.6 5.1 5.2	The most important endocrine glands will be discussed in detail: name of gland, hormone(s), function(s) of hormone, oversecretion with treatment, undersecretion with treatment Negative and positive feedback mechanisms to regulate endocrine secretions; Lab: Bioethics case study: cooperative learning	Review questions Student chart to be filled in Group evaluation, oral reports Test on Chapter 9	Text Anatomy coloring book Plates 106-111 New Choices, New Horizons Teacher made	R. II R. IV W. I
X. - Blood
¨ To understand the composition of blood and blood plasma.	5.6	Students will learn how the three types of blood cells are formed, what their characteristics are and what each does for the body; Students will discuss plasma - what it carries and its role in acid-base equilibrium	Review questions	Text Anatomy coloring book Plate 48	R. II
¨ To understand the different blood types and the Rh factor.	5.6 5.2	Using charts, students will learn what the different blood types are and relearn how they are inherited; The inheritance of the Rh factor will be learned and its importance in a developing fetus Lab: Using simulated blood, students will learn the process of typing blood	Review questions Blood typing identification card Test on Chapter 10	Text Blood typing kit Teacher made	R. II W. I
XI. - The Circulatory System
¨ To identify parts of the heart.	5.6	Using a ditto and a model, students will identify the parts of the heart	Review questions	Text; Anatomy coloring book; Plates 50-52	R. II
¨ To understand the structure of the heart.	5.6	Students will learn the physical characteristics of the heart - size, location, shape, coverings, and composition of the walls and valves	Review questions	Text	R. II
¨ To understand and appreciate the circulation of blood through the heart and lungs.	5.6	Using a ditto and model, students will trace the circulation of blood along with the coronary circulation for the heart muscle and reasons for heart attacks	Review questions	Text	R. II
¨ To understand the physiology of the heart.	5.6 5.1	Students will discuss the control of the heart beat by the CNS - the pacemaker, blood pressure with systolic and diastolic phases	Review questions	Text	R. II
¨ To explore the heart.	5.2	Lab: Students will dissect an animal heart and trace the circulation	Laboratory report Test on the heart	Laboratory manual Teacher made	R. II W. I
¨ To understand the anatomy of blood vessels.	5.6	Using diagrams, students will discuss the tissue arrangement of the artery walls, arterioles, capillary network and veins The valves in veins will be explored; The circulatory routs will be explored: Systemic, portal, pulmonary, renal, fetal	Review questions	Text Anatomy coloring book Plates 53-65	R. II
¨ To understand the physiology of blood vessels.	5.6 5.1 5.2	Students will discuss: vessel elasticity, cardiac output, blood volume, peripheral resistance, blood viscosity, blood pressure, pulse, control mechanisms, external pressure changes; Lab: Physiology of the heart, blood pressure and pulse	Review questions Laboratory report Test on Chapter 11	Text Video - Circulation Laboratory manual Teacher made	R. II R. IV W. I
XII. - The Lymphatic System and Immunity
¨ To identify the organs of the lymph system and learn the structure of the lymph vessels.	5.6	Students will trace the organs - tonsils, thymus, spleen, and learn about the lymphatic capillaries, veins, ducts, and lymph nodes	Review questions	Text Anatomy coloring book Plates 67-69	R. II
¨ To appreciate the functions of lymph.	5.6	The importance of lymph is discussed as an intercellular fluid, interstitial fluid, medium for transport, and flow of lymph	Review questions	Text	R. II
¨ To learn the importance of the immune system.	5.6 5.2	Students will: Define and compare non-specific and specific immunity, inherited and acquired immunity, and active and passive immunity; Discuss the major types of immune system molecules and learn how antibodies and complements function; Discuss and contrast the development and functions of the B & T cells; Lab: Comparison of the lymph and circulatory systems	Review questions Laboratory report Test on Chapter 12	Text Video - The Living Body Defense against disease Laboratory manual Teacher made	R. II R. IV W. I
XIII. - The Respiratory System
¨ To understand the structure of the respiratory system.	5.6 5.2	Using a chart, students will identify the parts of the respiratory system (both upper and lower tracts) with their functions; Students will learn how gases are exchanged between the alveoli and capillaries and tissues; Lab: Dissection of the cat resp. system	Review questions Quiz	Text Anatomy coloring book Plates 70-74 Teacher made Cat manual	R. II
¨ To understand the mechanisms of breathing.	5.6 5.2	Using a bell jar and chart, students will learn how each part of the chest works in achieving breathing; Students will learn which gases make up the air and in what amounts; Nervous system control of breathing; Lab: Lung capacity	Review questions Laboratory report Test on Chapter 13	Text Laboratory manual Teacher made	R. II R. IV W. I
XIV. - The Digestive System
¨ To learn about the layers of the wall of the alimentary canal.	5.6	Students will learn about the 4 layers and compare them in the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine	Review questions	Text Anatomy coloring book Plates 78-87	R. II
¨ To learn about the anatomy of the digestive system.	5.2	Using charts, the students will identify the parts of the digestive system and the accessory organs	Quiz on the parts	Teacher made
¨ To travel down the system learning about the physiology of the digestive system.	5.6	Students will learn about the enzymes, nutrients worked on, intermediate and end products of the nutrient, differences in pH, differences between mechanical and chemical digestion as they travel down through each part of the system	Review questions Charts and models	Text Videos - The Living Body Eating to Live Breakdown	R. II
¨ To learn about absorption of nutrients.	5.6	Students will learn about the villi in the small intestine and where each nutrient will be absorbed	Review questions Test on Chapter 14	Text Teacher made	R. II W. I
¨ To learn about hormone control.	5.1 5.2	Discussion on digestive hormones Lab: Digestion in the mouth - initial carbohydrate digestion Lab demo - digestion in the stomach Dissection of the cat digestive system	Laboratory report	Lab and cat manuals	R. II R. IV
XV. - Nutrition and Metabolism
¨ To understand the basic aspects of nutrients.	5.8	Students will learn importance of the nutrients needed for survival and their functions in the body (metabolic role) Macronutrients: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, vitamins and minerals	Review questions	Text	R. II
¨ To learn about metabolic rate.	5.6 5.8 5.2	Students will define basal metabolic rate and list some factors that affect it Discussion of the physiological mechanisms that regulate body temperature; Lab: Nutrient testing	Review questions Laboratory report Test on Chapter 15	Text Laboratory manual Teacher made	R. II R. IV W. I
XVI. - The Urinary System
¨ To understand the gross microscopic structure.	5.6	Using a model of the kidney and diagrams, students will identify the parts of the kidney	Review questions	Text Anatomy coloring book Plates 88-92	R. II
¨ To understand the physiology of the kidney.	5.6 5.1	Students will discuss the actual filtration process - glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion and the composition of urine	Review questions	Text	R. II
¨ To understand the problems of kidney disorders.	5.6 5.2	Students will learn about aremia and hemodialysis; Lab: Dissection of an animal kidney	Review questions Laboratory report Test on Chapter 16	Text Laboratory manual Teacher made Video - The Living Body Water	R. II W. I
XVII. - Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
¨ To learn about the mechanisms that maintain fluid balance.	5.8	Discussion of the avenues by which water enters and leaves the body and mechanisms that maintain fluid balance Discussion of the nature and importance of electrolytes in body fluids and explain the aldosterone mechanism of extra cellular fluid volume control	Review questions Test on Chapter 17	Text Teacher made	R. II W. I
XVIII. - Acid-Base Balance
¨ To learn the mechanisms that control pH of body fluids.	5.8	Discuss the concept of pH and define acid-base balance; Define terms buffer and buffer pair and contrast strong and weak acids and bases; Contrast the respiratory and urinary mechanisms of pH control	Review questions	Text	R. II
¨ To learn about pH imbalances.	5.8	Discussion of compensatory mechanisms that may help return blood pH to near normal levels in cases of pH imbalances Compare and contrast metabolic and respiratory types of pH imbalances	Review questions Test on Chapter 18	Text Teacher made	R. II W. I

*Note: Books and References are listed at the end of the curriculum.

NOTE SPECIAL EDUCATION MODIFICATIONS SUGGESTIONS. SEE IEP FOR SPECIFIC ACCOMMODATIONS.

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