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General Science Curriculum Guide Grades 9-10 |
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Objectives |
Core Curr. |
Instructional |
Assessment |
Resources |
GEPA HSPA Terra Nova |
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UNIT I - WHAT MAKES UP OUR WORLD? The student will be able to: |
Chapter 1 - Thinking Like A Scientist |
General Science: Holt General Science Physical Science, Scott Foresman |
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| ¨ Describe and use the scientific method. | 5.2 |
Read, discuss perform experiment Measuring length, p. 15 Using scientific method, Holt; Activity, p. 11, Scott Foresman |
Lab reports | Text | M. II |
| ¨ Describe and use the SI system of measurement. | 5.2 | Activity-Graphing SI units, p. 16, Scott Foresman; Experiment measuring length; Lab-measuring mass, p. 20, Holt; Lab-Volume and density, p. 21 | Lab reports | M. II | |
| ¨ To demonstrate proper safety precautions/procedures. | 5.2 | Discuss Appendix A, p. 600, Holt; Scott Foresman, pps. 17-19; Worksheets |
Safety Quiz Chapter 1 Test |
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| Chapter 2 - Matter | |||||
| ¨ Define matter and the 3 states of matter. | 5.8 | Teacher discussion | Quiz | Text | R. II |
| ¨ Identify physical properties of matter. | 5.8 | Teacher prepared lab - substances and properties they possess | Lab report | R. II | |
| ¨ Distinguish between physical-chemical changes. | 5.8 | Lab-Physical and chemical changes, p. 34, Holt; Activity-Forming a compound, p. 235, Scott Foresman | Lab report | M. IV | |
| ¨ Compare/contrast elements and atoms. | 5.8 | Class discussion | Quiz | Text | R. II |
| ¨ Compare/contrast compounds and materials. | 5.8 |
Class discussion Observe examples |
Quiz | R. II | |
| ¨ Explain period table and properties of elements. | 5.8 | Activity - Using periodic table, p. 202, Scott Foresman |
Lab report Chapter 2 Test |
M. IV | |
| Chapter 3 - Atoms | |||||
| ¨ Describe the structure of the atom, including atomic mass and number. | 5.8 |
Draw models of various elements Lab - Atomic models, p. 61 |
Quiz Lab report |
Text | R. II |
| ¨ Describe the process of nuclear fission. | 5.8 |
Class discussion and diagrams P. 71 - Atom smashers Review questions |
Quiz Chapter 3 Test |
R. II | |
| Chapter 4 - Chemical Changes | |||||
| ¨ Explain why some elements are chemically active. | 5.8 | Class discussion of how chemical activity is related to electron arrangement | Text | R. II | |
| ¨ Describe the characteristics of chemical families. | 5.8 | Class discussion, using diagrams and the periodic table, p. 83; Activity, p. 84 |
Quiz Lab report |
Text | R. II |
| ¨ Describe Ionic bonding and covalent bonding. | 5.8 | Discussion and diagrams of Ionic and Covalent bonds | Quiz | R. II | |
| ¨ Write and balance simple chemical equations. | 5.8 | Worksheets; Class discussion of text examples; Activity, p. 95 |
Grade worksheets; Lab report Chapter 4 Test |
M. V | |
| UNIT II - HOW DOES ENERGY AFFECT MATTER? | Chapter 5 - Forces and Motion | ||||
| ¨ Use reference point to distinguish motion. | 5.9 |
Discussion Worksheet |
Grade worksheet | Text | R. II |
| ¨ Calculate average speed. |
5.5 5.9 |
Lecture and activity, p. 111, Holt, Calculating speed; Questions, p. 110, Experiment, p. 111 | Lab reports | M. V | |
| ¨ Calculate acceleration. |
5.5 5.9 |
Examples worked on board Review questions, p. 110 |
Quiz |
M. V |
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| ¨ Explain Newton’s first law of motion. | 5.9 | Activity, p. 42, Scott Foresman | Lab report | M. IV | |
| ¨ Explain Newton’s second law of motion. | 5.9 | Activity, p. 47, Scott Foresman | Lab report | Text | M. IV |
| ¨ Explain Newton’s third law of motion. | 5.9 | Activity, p. 51, Scott Foresman | Lab report | M. IV | |
| ¨ Calculate amount of work done in metric units. |
5.5 5.9 |
Work problems using the formula | Quiz |
M. V
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| ¨ Calculate power in metric units. |
5.5 5.9 |
Work problems using formula Activity, p. 124, Scott Foresman |
Lab report
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M. V | |
| ¨ State the Law of Machines. | 5.9 |
Experiment, p. 122, Holt Friction activity, p. 65 |
Lab report | M. IV | |
| ¨ Identify 1st, 2nd, and 3rd class levers. | 5.9 |
Demonstration of each lever type Activity, p. 100, Scott Foresman |
Lab report
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M. IV | |
| ¨ Calculate Mechanical Advantage. |
5.5 5.9 |
Work problems using the formula | Quiz | M. V | |
| ¨ Identify wheel and axle. | 5.9 | Identify fulcrum, resistance and effort of wheel and axle; Calculate Mechanical Advantage of wheel and axle. | Grade problems | M. V | |
| ¨ Recognize a fixed, moveable and combination pulley - Calculate M.A. |
5.5 5.9 |
P. 127-Calculate Mechanical Advantage Work M.A. problems |
Lab report Chapter 5 Test |
M. V | |
| Chapter 6 - Energy | |||||
| ¨ Explain concept of energy. | 5.9 | Class discussion | Text | R. II | |
| ¨ Define and compare kinetic and potential energy. | 5.9 |
Lecture, Discussion, Examples Activity, p. 119, Scott Foresman; Experiment: Potential/ Kinetic Energy, p. 140, Holt |
Quiz Lab report |
R. II M. IV |
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| ¨ Describe different forms of energy. | 5.9 | Discussion of nuclear, fossil, solar mechanical, geothermal, chemical, wind, heat, radiant chemical | Quiz | R. II | |
| ¨ Explain the Law of Conservation of Energy. | 5.9 | Class discussion | Chapter 6 Test | R. II | |
| Chapter 9 - Waves and Sound | |||||
| ¨ Distinguish between transverse and longitudinal waves. | 5.9 | "Properties of waves" Experiment, p. 205, Holt; Use rope and slinky to demonstrate wave motion | Lab report | R. II | |
| ¨ Identify parts of a wave. | 5.9 |
Charts and diagrams Draw and label waves |
Grade diagrams | R. II | |
| ¨ Distinguish between reflected and refracted waves. | 5.9 | Measure angles of incidence and reflection; Activity-reflection, p. 315, Scott Foresman |
Lab report
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M. IV | |
| ¨ Explain the doppler effect. | 5.9 | Use water trough to show crowding of waves | Quiz | Text | |
| ¨ Describe how sound is produced. | 5.9 | Vibrations produced in flask with and without air , p. 368, Scott Foresman | Lab report | ||
| ¨ Distinguish between pitch and loudness. | 5.9 | Tuning forks of different pitches vibrating in water, Experiment: Pitch and Amplitude, p. 214, Holt | Lab report | M. IV | |
| ¨ Describe how we hear sound. | 5.9 | Diagram structure of the ear and how sound is transmitted to the brain | Quiz | Ear model and charts | R. II |
| ¨ Distinguish between properties of musical sounds and noise. |
5.9
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Lecture, discussion; Show resonance with tuning forks and resonance boxes | Chapter 9 Test | R. II | |
| Chapter 10 - Light | |||||
| ¨ Explain the wave theory of light and properties that support it. | 5.9 |
Discussion and diagrams Use spectroscope to show diffraction |
Text | R. II | |
| ¨ Explain the particle theory of light. | 5.9 |
Discussion and diagrams |
Quiz | R. II | |
| ¨ Explain diffraction. | 5.9 | Lab - spectroscope | Lab report | Text | R. II |
| ¨ Discuss the electromagnetic spectrum. | 5.9 | Make a chart of the waves, frequencies, wavelength and uses | Grade the chart | M. IV | |
| ¨ Explain how white light is composed of the colors of the spectrum. | 5.9 | Use spectroscope and prism to separate white light into spectrum together to white light with convex lens | Lab report | ||
| ¨ Explain and demonstrate that colored objects depend upon the color or colors it reflects. |
5.9
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Use light blending box to produce primary and secondary colors, combine to make white | Lab report | ||
| ¨ Explain photo electric effect. | 5.4 | Teacher lecture, discussion | R. II | ||
| ¨ Explain properties of lasers. | 5.4 | Teacher lecture, discussion | Quiz | R. II | |
| ¨ Explain holography. | 5.4 | Refer to hologram on front of text | R. II | ||
| ¨ Explain reflection. | 5.9 | Lecture, discussion; Experiment: Investigating mirrors and lenses, p. 240, Holt; Prepare curved mirrors lab | Lab report | R. II | |
| ¨ Define and illustrate refraction of light rays. | 5.9 | Use the smoke box with jar of water or lucite block and light source to show refraction | Lab report | ||
| ¨ Show that light is refracted as it passes through a lens. | 5.9 |
Draw diagrams illustrating directions of refraction through concave and
convex lenses. Use smoke box with each lens Lenses activity, p. 351, Scott Foresman Experiment: Mirrors and lenses, Holt Prepare lab using convex and concave lenses |
Grade diagrams Lab report |
Text | R. II |
| ¨ Explain focal point, focal length, real image and virtual image. | 5.9 | Demonstrate how to produce a real and a virtual image with a convex lens; a virtual image with a concave lens | R. II | ||
| ¨ Explain how we see. | 5.6 | Diagram light through the eye | Chapter 10 Test | ||
| Chapter 11 - Electricity and Magnetism | |||||
| ¨ Explain static electricity. | 5.9 | Demo, static electricity with pith balls, electroscope, or balloons | Text | ||
| ¨ Explain electric forces and law of electric charges. | 5.9 | Demonstration - like charges, unlike charges, or pith balls; Electroscope activity, p. 387, Scott Foresman | Lab report | M. IV | |
| ¨ Compare static and current electricity. | 5.9 | Teacher discussion | Lab report | Text | R. II |
| ¨ Compare/contrast insulators/conductors. | 5.9 | Lab - what substances are conductors/ insulators? | Lab report | M. IV | |
| ¨ Describe differences between series and parallel circuits. | 5.9 | Series - Parallel circuits, Lab activity, p. 263, Holt; Activity - Switches and fuses, p. 396, Scott Foresman | Lab report | M. IV | |
| ¨ To describe magnetism, magnetic fields and poles. | 5.9 |
Lecture, discussion; Lab-Magnets, p. 268 Holt; Activity-Magnetic Poles, p. 405, Scott Foresman |
Lab report | R. II | |
| ¨ To explain electromagnet induction. | 5.9 | Lab - Electromagnets, p. 276, Holt | Lab report | R. II | |
| ¨ To explain how electricity and magnetism are related. | 5.9 | Teacher discussion; Demo/Lab - current through a wire causes deflection of compass needle; Electromagnet Activity, p. 411, Scott Foresman |
Lab report Chapter 11 Test |
R. II | |
| Chapter 12 - Energy Today and Tomorrow | |||||
| ¨ Explain energy used in United States. | 5.4 |
Teacher lecture, discussion; Complete energy audit of students’ home Activity - Energy use, p. 443, Scott Foresman; Lab Activity - Graphs, p. 289, Holt |
Lab report | Text | R. II |
| ¨ Discuss conserving energy. | 5.4 |
List ways energy can be saved Try to schedule PSE&G lecturer on conservation; Make use of one conservation tactic in the home |
Quiz | R. II | |
| ¨ Explain our energy sources. | 5.4 |
Teacher presentation Guest lecturer - PSE&G |
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| ¨ To explain advantages and disadvantages of energy sources. | 5.4 |
Teacher presentation Guest lecturer - PSE&G or other |
Quiz | R. II | |
| ¨ To discuss attentive sources of energy. | 5.4 |
Teacher presentation Guest lecturer - PSE&G or other Experiment, p. 303 |
Quiz Lab report Chapter 12 Test |
R. II | |
| UNIT III - HOW IS THE EARTH CHANGING? | Chapter 13 - Processes That Shape The Earth’s Surface | ||||
| ¨ Describe faults and types of motion along them. | 5.10 |
Lecture, use land form Demo kit blocks |
Text | R. II | |
| ¨ Describe 3 types of earthquake waves and how they are recorded. | 5.10 | Illustrations of earthquake destruction, lecture, lab locating epicenters | Lab report | R. II | |
| ¨ Locate and identify the layers of the earth’s interior. | 5.10 | Discussion using chart, textbook and illustrations Exploring Our Living Planet | R. II | ||
| ¨ Locate 25 major earthquakes on world map. | 5.10 | Plot location of earthquakes on world map, using coordinates in Act. p. 296, Holt | Lab report | R. II | |
| ¨ Identify parts of a volcano. | 5.10 | Diagram structure of volcano and label | Quiz | R. II | |
| ¨ Explain the formation of 4 types of volcanoes. | 5.10 | Describe the formation of each type |
Quiz |
R. II | |
| ¨ Describe materials ejected from volcanoes. | 5.10 |
Use samples of material Video tape volcanoes in Hawaii, Iceland, Italy |
Quiz | ||
| ¨ Describe the early theory of plate movement. | 5.10 | Construct Pangaea | Lab report | ||
| ¨ Explain crust’s action at faults, trenches, ridges. | 5.10 | Lecture with diagrams illustrating plate movements | Quiz | Text | R. II |
| ¨ Describe how theory of isostasy explains some crystal movements. | 5.10 | Lecture, illustrate by adding and removing weights from floating styrofoam block | Quiz | R. II | |
| ¨ Explain the formation of fault block, thrust fault, folded and dome mountains; plateaus. |
5.10
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Lecture, illustrations from Time-Life Plant Earth Continents in
Collision Video: "The Making of a Continent, Part VI"; Activity, p. 315, Holt |
Quiz Lab report |
R. II | |
| ¨ Distinguish between weathering and erosion. | 5.10 |
Lecture Experiment: Soils, p. 347, Holt |
Lab report | R. II | |
| ¨ Identify the forces that erode land. |
5.10
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Lecture, illustrations of eroded landscapes | R. II | ||
| ¨ Identify forces that weather land. | 5.10 | Lecture, illustration of weathering | Chapter 13 Test | R. II | |
| Chapter 14 - Changes In Rocks | |||||
| ¨ Define igneous rock and classify 2 major groups. | 5.10 | Lecture, illustrations | Quiz | Text | R. II |
| ¨ Demonstrate that size of crystals depends upon cooling rate. | 5.10 | Demonstration: Moth flakes melted, poured out into deep and shallow containers. Observe size of crystals | Lab report | ||
| ¨ Define sediment and describe formation of 3 different classification of sediment. | 5.10 |
Lecture, hands-on samples of each type of sedimentary rock; Activity,
p. 337 Experiment - Sediments, p. 362 |
Lab report | R. II | |
| ¨ Define metamorphic rocks and the forces that produce them. | 5.10 | Lecture, samples of metamorphic rocks | Quiz | R. II | |
| ¨ Diagram and explain the rock cycle. | 5.10 | Draw and explain diagram of rock cycle | Chapter 14 Test | R. II | |
| Chapter 16 - Changes In The Atmosphere | |||||
| ¨ Describe the structure and composition of the earth’s atmosphere. | 5.10 | Lecture, labeled diagram | Grade diagram | Text | R. II |
| ¨ Describe how uneven heating of earth’s surface affect air pressure and temperature. | 5.10 | Lecture with globe to show direct and indirect rays; Demonstration with smoke box and dry ice | Quiz | Text | R. II |
| ¨ Explain the Coriolis effect. | 5.10 | Lecture - Demonstration with Coriolis effect apparatus and globe | Quiz | R. II | |
| ¨ Define evaporation, condensation, humidity, relative humidity. | 5.10 |
Lecture - Demonstration, boil and condense water in test tube; Use tin
can and ice for dew pt. of classroom Activity, p. 317 |
Lab report | R. II | |
| ¨ Describe the major types of clouds and conditions necessary for their formation. | 5.10 | Lecture - Illustrations of the many types of weather conditions that proceed or precede them | Quiz |
R. II
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| ¨ To locate the major air masses that effect North America. | 5.10 | Lecture - Use map to illustrate source areas | R. II | ||
| ¨ Explain the formation of fronts and the types of weather they bring. | 5.10 |
Lecture - Use weather maps with symbols to practice predicting weather Activity, p. 387 |
Lab report | R. II | |
| ¨ Describe two types of destructive cyclonic storms. | 5.10 | Lecture - Illustrations from Time-Life Plant Earth Storms | Chapter 16 Test | R. II | |
| Chapter 18 - The Earth In Space | |||||
| ¨ Explain the causes of the seasons. | 5.11 |
Class discussion Demonstration using globe Activity, p. 437 |
Quiz Lab report |
Text | R. II |
| ¨ Explain the phases of the moon. | 5.11 |
Class discussion Label diagrams Demonstration |
Quiz | R. II | |
| ¨ Describe how the moon formed. | 5.11 | Discussion of theories | Quiz | R. II | |
| ¨ Describe and locate lunar features. | 5.11 |
Discussion Video - "The Apollo Lunar Landings" Label Lunar Map |
Quiz | R. II | |
| ¨ Explain how a lunar eclipse occurs. | 5.11 | Activity, p. 444 | Lab report | R. II | |
| ¨ Describe the structure and characteristics of the sun. | 5.11 |
Discussion Label diagram |
Quiz | R. II | |
| ¨ Compare and contrast the inner and outer planets. | 5.11 | Discussion of condition of conditions on each planet; Activity, p. 455 |
Quiz Lab report Chapter 18 Test |
R. II | |
| UNIT IV - WHAT MAKES UP OUR LIVING WORLD? | Chapter 19 - Life On Earth | ||||
| ¨ Identify and define the parts of a plant and animal cell. | 5.6 |
Lecture - Use transparency to identify organelles; Ditto - Animal
Kingdom, p. 3; Questions, p. 455 |
Quiz | Text | R. II |
| ¨ To observe animal and plant cells with microscope. | 5.6 | Use microscope and stain to observe difference between animal and plant cells; Activity, p. 471, 476 |
Lab report Chapter 19 Test |
R. II | |
| Chapter 20 - Classifying Living Things | |||||
| ¨ To explain how living things are classified. | 5.6 | Lecture - List and explain all levels of classification for Homo Sapiens | Quiz | Text | R. II |
| ¨ Describe the four major types of protists in Protista Kingdom | 5.6 |
Lecture - Describe characteristics of the 4 groups of protists; Observe
some protozoans with microscop Activity, p. 459 |
Quiz Lab report |
R. II | |
| ¨ List characteristics of major animal phyla. | 5.6 |
Lecture - Show as many samples as possible (either picture or real
object) Activity, p. 465 |
Lab report | R. II | |
| ¨ List characteristics of major plant phyla. | 5.6 | Lecture - Show as many samples or illustrations as possible; Activity, p. 465 | Lab report | R. II | |
| ¨ Explain asexual reproduction. | 5.6 | Lecture - Use samples of vegetative reproduction or illustrations | Quiz | Text | R. II |
| ¨ Explain sexual reproduction. | 5.6 | Lecture - Diagram meiosis; Show how each parent cell contributes half the total chromosomes of the organism | Quiz | R. II | |
| ¨ Label the parts of a flower, explain pollination and fertilization. | 5.6 | Lecture - Label diagram of flower; Use diagram to explain differences between pollination and fertilization; VCR tape: Sexual Encounters of the Floral Kind | Quiz | R. II | |
| ¨ Examine and dissect a flower. | 5.6 | Use hand lens to examine a flower, stigma, cut pistil in half lengthwise, examine contents; Activity, p. 505 |
Lab report Chapter 20 Test |
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NOTE SPECIAL EDUCATION MODIFICATIONS SUGGESTIONS. SEE IEP FOR SPECIFIC ACCOMMODATIONS.
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