Roselle Schools - Abraham Clark High School

Earth Science Curriculum Guide Grades 9-10
Objectives	Core Curr. Content Standards	Instructional Activities	Assessment (Cross-curricular) (Multi-cultural)	Resources	GEPA HSPA Terra Nova
The student will be able to:
		1st Marking Period: Unit I - Structure of a Dynamic Earth
		2nd Marking Period: Unit II - Forces That Attack the Surface Unit III - Forces That Raise the Surface
		3rd Marking Period: Unit III - Continued Unit IV - Earth and the Universe
		4th Marking Period: Unit IV - Continued Unit V - Earth’s History
UNIT I - STRUCTURE OF A DYNAMIC EARTH				Earth Science: Earth Science, (D.C. Health) 1994
A. Describe the origin of the Earth using the Protoplanet Hypothesis.	5.11	Classroom discussion of Earth’s formation, including formation of oceans and atmosphere	Teacher observation of class discussion	Text
B. Describe the layers of the Earth.	5.10 5.5	Labeling diagrams of the Earth.Memorize the two most common crystal elements; Memorize the Earth’s circumference; Practice Eratosthene’s method of measuring the Earth’s circumference; Construct models of Earth’s layers	Quiz c.c.-Geometry-Measuring circumference and alternate interior angles	Text Text, p. 24, 27	R. II M. II
C. Identify common minerals by their properties.	5.10	Construct models of crystals and minerals; Determine hardness of minerals; Measure specific gravity of minerals; Memorize Moh’s hardness scale; Identification of unknown minerals through lab tests and comparisons with text	c.c.-Chemistry-Construction of molecular models Teacher Observation Lab Report Quiz Lab Practical	Molecular Model Kits Text, Hardness Kits, Mineral Kits	M. II
D. Identify two main groups of igneous rocks.	5.10	Laboratory identification of granite and basalt; Making fudge to demonstrate intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks Special Education: - Peer tutor, cooperative learning, guided practice, mnemonics, outline formats of notes & tests.	Lab Report Lab Practical	Text Lab Manual Rock Kits Holt General Science
E. Identify three main groups of sedimentary rocks.	5.10	Laboratory identification of elastic, organic and chemical sedimentary rocks. Observe samples of sedimentary features including stratification, fossils, ripple marks and geodes; Field trip-Poricy Park, Middlesex-fossil hunt.	Lab Report Lab Practical Teacher Observation.	Text Lab Manual Rock Kits
F. Examine common metamorphic rocks and describe how they formed.	5.10	Laboratory identification of metamorphic rocks and comparison with the original sedimentary and igneous rocks	Lab Report Lab Practical	Rock Kits
G. Summarize the formation and breakdown of rocks using the Rock Cycle.	5.10	Diagram the rock cycle and label Discuss the "Rock Cycle Model" Write a report about James Hutton	Quiz Grade the report Text on objectives A-G	Rock Cycle Model Library Research	R. II W. I
H. Describe how air, water, and nutrients are renewed.	5.1	Classroom discussion of cycles Label diagrams of water cycle, CO₂ - O₂ cycle and nutrient cycle	Teacher Observation c.c.-Environmental Science-ecosystem cycles	Text	R. II
I. Describe source, use, and reserve of common mineral resources.	5.3	Write a report about strip mining Classroom discussion of mineral uses Observation of minerals and their ores Diagram reserves Field Trip-NJ Mining Museum Special Education: - Note taker, tape record instructions, graphic organizers.	Grade the report Teacher Observation c.c.-Social Studies-political and economic implications of mineral reserves	Library Research Text, Rock Kits	W. I
J. Describe the origin, occurrence and uses of fossil fuels.	5.12	Label diagrams of oil and gas formation Classroom discussion of environmental impacts; Field trip-PSE&G Electrical Generating Plan	Quiz	Text	R. II
K. Describe advantages and disadvantages of alternative energy resources.	5.4 5.12	Classroom discussion of alternative energy sources; Lab-construct a solar panel; Guest speaker-PSE&G; Field trip - Rahway Incinerator; Compare solar energy zones of the U.S.	Lab Report Topic Questions Grade the worksheet Test on objectives H-K	Text Lab Manual Study Guide	R. II
L. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of map projections.	5.4	Comparison of map projections Class discussion; Attempt to make a flat map of a round object - "Orange Peel Lab"	Teacher Observation Lab Report	Text Wall Maps	R. II
M. Use latitude and longitude to locate points on Earth.	5.4	Label a map, Map Activity, p. 124 Calculate the distance covered by 1^o and 1’ of latitude; Memorize latitude of NYC Class discussion of Prime Meridian and International Dateline Special Education: - Guided practice, peer tutors, tape text, breakdown tasks, outline notes.	c.c.-Social Studies (map reading) Quiz Teacher Observation	Text	R. II M. II
N. Identify features, determine elevation, and evaluate distance on Topographic Maps.	5.4	Construct a contour map; Construct a map profile; Determine gradient of map profile; Read Contour Maps, Map Activity, p. 125; Write a report comparing methods of cartography Special Education: - Peer tutor, cooperative learning groups, computer map maker, highlight facts, outline notes, labs/tests.	c.c.-Mathematics-graphing, calculating slope Lab Report Grade the report Text on objectives L-N	Text USGS Topographic Maps Library Research	M. IV R. II W. I
UNIT II - FORCES THAT ATTACK THE SURFACE
A. Distinguish between chemical and mechanical weathering and identify processes by which each occurs.	5.10 5.12 5.2	Observe chemical and physical weathering; Compare temperature and weathering; Discussion of Cleopatra’s needle	Lab Report Quiz on objective A	Text, p. 144 Lab Manual	M. II
B. Identify the conditions under which ground water surplus, usage, deficit and recharge occur.	5.10 5.5 5.12	Class discussion Interpreting Water Budget graphs	c.c.-Mathematics-interpreting graphs Lab Report	Text, p. 164	M. IV
C. Describe the underground regions above and below the water table, list factors that determine water table depth, and explain the importance of the water table.	5.10 5.2	Label diagrams of the water table Construct a model of the water table Cause & observe fluctuations in the water table using the "Ground water Demonstrator" Special Education: - Peer tutor, cooperative groups, graphic organizer, structure lab reports.	Lab Report	Text "Ground Water Demonstrator"	R. II
D. Compare and contrast artesian wells and springs with ordinary wells and springs.	5.10 5.2	Label diagrams of wells and springs Class discussion of well water and perceptions of its purity; Test purity of various well and spring waters Construct a model of an artesian formation; Observe the effects of contaminants on well water using Groundwater Demonstrator; Write a report on Groundwater Pollution; Label and discuss diagram of desert oasis	Teacher Observation Lab Report c.c.-Environmental Science-water testing Teacher observation of class discussion Grade the report	Text Environmental Science Lab Manual and Lab Aids Kit Groundwater Demonstrator Library Research	R. II W. I
E. Describe the origin of hot springs, paint pots, geysers and fumeroles.	5.10	Class discuss of video and text View Video-National Geographic- Yellowstone National Park	Teacher observation of class discussion	Text Video-National Geographic "Yellowstone"
F. Describe the features of Karst topography.	5.10	Observe pictures and diagrams of Karst Topography; Interpret topographic maps of Karst topography; Field trip-Howe Caverns, NY	Lab Report Test on objectives B-F	Text USGS topographic maps	R. II
G. Describe the relationship between stream speed, discharge, and carrying power.	5.10	Discuss diagrams in text; Observe stream table demonstration #4; Calculate settling rate of particles; Demonstration of Abrasion & discussion Special Education: - Outline notes, highlight facts, peer tutor, tape record text.	c.c.-Algebra-ratios Lab Report Teacher observation of discussion	Lab Manual Stream Table Text, p. 751	R. II M. II
H. Explain how rivers form valleys, canyons, and gullies.	5.10	Stream table investigation-Life of a stream #1; View and discuss diagrams and pictures of Grand Canyon, Badlands, gorges; Field trip-Bushkill Falls, PA	Lab Report Teacher observation of discussion	Stream Table Text	R. II
I. Identify major U.S. drainage basins and NJ drainage basins.	5.10 5.12	Construct a map of major drainage basins, text, p. 186; Identify major NJ rivers; Trace the drainage basin which includes Roselle	Lab Report Grading of maps	Text; USGS Maps Round McNally Road Atlas; Hagstrom Union County Map	R. II
J. Explain undermining of waterfalls.	5.10	Class discussion of Niagara Falls diagrams; Calculate rate of recession of Niagara Falls; Observation of waterfall recession using stream table #6 Special Education: - Peer tutors, computer research, computer graphics.	Teacher observation of discussion	Text Stream Table	R. II M. II
K. Explain the origin of flood plains, meanders, deltas, and alluvial fans.	5.10	Label diagrams of meandering streams Class discussion of text diagrams Observe delta formation-stream table #2 Observe alluvial fan formation-stream table #3 Special Education: - Peer tutor, cooperative groups, guided lab reports.	Teacher observation of class discussion of stream table demonstrations	Text Stream Table	R. II
L. Describe conditions which lead to flooding and methods of flood prevention.	5.10 5.12 5.4	Class discussion of major floods; Guest speaker-flood survivor; View Video - Nova "flood"; Discuss news reports of the flood of 93; Class discussion of flood prevention methods	Teacher observation of class discussion c.c.-Social Studies-Johnstown Flood, economic implications of the 93 flood c.c.-Environmental Science-flood prevention; Test on objectives G-L	Text Nova video "Flood"
M. Describe how a glacier forms and moves.	5.10	Construct a model of a glacier Observe glacial movement-stream table #9	Lab Report	Stream Table
N. Identify features of glacial erosion.	5.10	Label diagrams of glacial erosion features; Construct a map profile of a glaciated slope	Grade the profile	Text	R. II M. IV
O. Identify features of glacial deposition.	5.10	Observe glacial deposition using stream table; Label diagrams and discuss glacial deposition features Special Education: - Peer tutor, cooperative groups, guided lab reports.	Teacher observation of discussion	Stream Table	R. II
P. Describe several hypotheses for the occurrence of the ice ages.	5.10	Class discussion of the ice ages Locate terminal moraines on map Interpret a map of glacial rebound, p. 206 Special Education: - Peer tutor, record text, outline notes, cooperative learning groups, computer graphics.	Grade the map Critical thinking questions, p. 209 Test on objectives M-P	Text	R. II
Q. Describe the actions of wind resulting from wind action.	5.10 5.12	Observe and discuss features of wind action; Class discussion of desert sand storms; Label diagrams of sand dunes and dune migration; Compare the effects of moving air on different size particles	Teacher Observation c.c.-Social Studies-The Dust Bowl of the 1930’s Lab Report	Text Lab Manual	R. II
R. Identify features of a wind formed wave and compare these with tsunamis.	5.10 5.12	Label diagrams of wave features Class dis. waves at NJ shore compared with tsunamis; Calculate wave speed	Teacher Observation	Text Student Experiences	R. II M. IV
S. Name and explain the origin of some shoreline currents.	5.10	Label diagrams of currents; Class discussion of NJ shore currents Special Education : - Peer tutors, record text, outline notes, cooperative learning groups, computer graphics.	Teacher Observation	Text Student Experiences	R. II
T. Describe features of shoreline deposition.	5.10	Label diagrams of shoreline deposition	Grade Diagrams	Text	R. II
U. Describe features and causes of beach erosion and compare methods of erosion prevention.	5.10 5.12 5.2 5.4	Label diagrams of erosion; Class discussion of NJ shore after severe storms; Discussion of beach erosion article; Compare the effects of slope on beach erosion, p. 226; Stream table demonstration of beach erosion; Class discussion of methods of erosion prevention Special Education: - Peer tutors, cooperative learning, tape text, outline facts.	Teacher Observation Lab Report Test on objectives Q-U	Student Experiences Text, p. 219, 226 Stream Table	R. II
UNIT III - FORCES THAT RAISE THE SURFACE
A. Identify the lithosphere plates and describe how they move.	5.10	Label diagrams of plate boundaries Class discussion; Observe the movement of fluid in convection currents, p. 248	Lab Report	Text, p. 248	R. II
B. List evidence of Plate Tectonics.	5.10	Construct Pangaea, using fossil evidence and continental shape; Plot worldwide earthquakes and volcanoes on wall map; Class discussion of polarity reversal and sea floor spreading; Write a report on Alfred Wegener and his theory	Grade construction and maps Teacher Observation	Text Library Research	R. II W. I
C. Identify diverging boundaries and their features.	5.10	Label diagrams; Observe and discuss pictures of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge; View video of Iceland Special Education: - Cooperative learning, guided notes, computer reports.	Teacher Observation	Text Video-National Geographic "Born of Fire"	R. II
D. Identify sliding boundaries and their features.	5.10 5.12	Label diagrams; Calculate when LA will move north of San Francisco; View video of California Earthquakes	Teacher Observation	Text Video-National Geographic "Born of Fire	R. II M. II
E. Identify collision boundaries and their features.	5.10	Label diagrams; Discussion of the formation of the Himalayas Special Education: - Tape text, peer tutoring, guided diagrams, highlight facts.	c.c. & m.c.-World Cultures-life in the Himalayan nations	Text	R. II
F. Identify subduction boundaries and their features.	5.10 5.12	Label diagrams; Discussion of the formation of the Andes; Discussion of the Marianas Trench	c.c. & m.c.-World Cultures-life in the Andes, life in the Philippines Teacher Observation	Text	R. II
G. List the ways continents can grow.	5.10	Class discussion; Identify the North American craton on a map Special Education: - Tape text, peer tutoring, guided diagrams, highlight facts.	Teacher Observation Test on objectives A-G	Text	R. II
H. Describe the types and characteristics of magma, lava, and tephra.	5.10	Observation of samples; Video of Iceland and Hawaii	Teacher Observation m.c.-Most volcano terminology is in Hawaiian or Japanese	Video-National Geographic "Born of Fire"
I. Describe major types of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions.	5.10 5.12	Label volcano diagrams of shield and cinder cones; Class discussion of the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD and its gas cloud; View video of Mt. St. Helens and discuss eruption of cinder cones at subduction boundaries; Discussion and diagrams of hot spots; View video of Hawaiian eruptions of shield cones	c.c.-Social Studies-the destruction of Pompeii Teacher Observation	Text Video-"Mt. St. Helens" Video-National Geographic "Born of Fire"	R. II
J. Describe causes and results of famous volcanic eruptions.	5.10 5.12	Class discussion of pictures in text Class discussion of the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption Special Education: - Cooperative learning, guided notes, record text, word processor. Class discussion of the 1883 Krakatoa eruption, its massive destruction and environmental impacts; Classroom discussion of why people choose to live near volcanoes; Write a report on the career of a volcanologist	Teacher Observation c.c.-Social Studies-Mt. Pinatubo’s effect on the US Military c.c. & m.c.-World Cultures-Life in Indonesia, and the South Pacific	Text Library Research	R. II W. I
K. Describe volcanism on Mars and Io.	5.11	Discussion of photo in text; Compare the size of Olympus Mons to volcanoes on Earth	Teacher Observation	Text
L. Identify igneous intrusions.	5.10	Label diagrams; Use superposition to determine the age of dikes and sills (worksheet)	Grade worksheets on dikes and sills Test on objectives H-L	Text	R. II
M. Describe earthquake focus, epicenter, and waves.	5.10	Label diagrams; Plot earthquake frequencies on a US Map	Grade Map	Text	R. II
N. Use P and S waves to locate the epicenter.	5.10 5.2	Construct a model seismograph Practice using time-travel graphs; Use seismograms to locate epicenter	Teacher Observation Lab Report	Seismograph Kit Text Lab Manual	M. IV
O. Explain the significance of the Moho and Shadow zone.	5.10	Label diagrams; Interpret graphs of seismic wave velocity; Discussion of Critical Thinking section, p. 289 Special Education: - Highlight important facts, peer tutor, computer graphics.	Teacher Observation	Text, p. 280 Study Guide, p. 30	R. II M. IV
P. Compare causes and resulting damage of famous earthquakes.	5.10 5.12	Class discussion of the 1964 Alaska, 1906 San Francisco, 1989 Loma Prieta, 1911 New Madrid earthquakes; View video of California earthquakes, noting damage due to liquefaction and foundation failure; Design an "Earthquake Proof" building, describing all modifications	Teacher Observation	Text Video-Nova "Predictable Disaster"	R. II
Q. Identify kinds of data being studied for earthquake prediction.	5.10 5.12	View video-noting Japanese Earthquake drills; Class discussion of reliability and ease of use for each method; Write a report describing the career of a seismologist	Teacher Observation Test on objectives M-Q	Video-Nova "Predictable Disaster" Text Library Research	R. II W. I
R. Identify major mountain ranges and describe how each formed.		Label world maps; Label diagrams of each type of mountain (collision, folded, domed, fault block, volcanic, mid-ocean ridges); Interpret topographic maps of all mountain types Special Education: - Peer tutor, cooperative learning, computer graphics, word processor.	Grade Maps Lab Report Unit Test	Text Study Guide, p. 32 USGS Topographic Maps	R. II
UNIT IV - EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE A. Studying the Universe (Chapter 20)
1. Describe the function and limitations of optical telescopes.	5.11 5.4 5.2	Label diagrams of optical telescopes showing the pathway of light Calculate the magnification of increasingly larger mirrors and lenses Construct a refracting telescope Simulate spin casting a mirror using glycerine Class discussion of the Hubble Space Telescope’s construction, problems and successes Write a report on the career of an astronomer Field trip to Union County College Sperry Observatory, view the sky through its reflector and refractor Write an article on 3 different events in astronomy that took place within the past 12 months and discuss it with the class Determine the best locations the US for an astronomical observatory. List and explain the features of the site chosen Special Education: - Cooperative learning, guided practice, computer research.	Grade Diagrams c.c.-Mathematics-ratios Lab Report Teacher Observation Grade the report Teacher observation and grade student’s written summary of trip Grade the article c.c.-Social Studies-current events - Journalism-article writing	Text Lab Manual Library Research Union County College-Amateur Astronomers Club	R. II M. I W. I
2. Identify and compare the wave lengths of the electromagnetic spectrum.	5.9	Label diagrams of the spectrum Memorize the spectrum from longest to shortest wavelength	Quiz	Text	R. II
3. Describe the uses and advantages of radio telescope arrays.	5.11 5.4 5.9	Class discussion of photo and diagrams in the text, and Chapter 2, p. 375 Compare the accuracy of radio telescopes with short vs. long baselines	Teacher Observation	Text	R. II
4. Identify and describe discoveries made by telescopes which detect wave lengths other than visible or radio.	5.11 5.9 5.4	Class discussion	Teacher Observation	Text	R. II
5. Name and describe how astronomers use the 3 types of spectra.	5.11 5.8	Construct a spectroscope; Label and discuss spectra diagrams; Class discussion of how astronomers use the information gathered by spectral analysis	Lab Report c.c.-Chemistry-spectral analysis	Text	R. II
6. Describe the origin of and uses for the Doppler Effect.	5.11	Write a report on the life and discoveries of Edwin Hubble; Demonstration of the Doppler effect in sound waves; Class discussion of using the Doppler effect to measure the movements of galaxies	c.c.-Physics-the Doppler effect Teacher Observation Test on Objective 4A	Library Research Text	W. I
UNIT IV - EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE B. Stars and Galaxies (Chapter 21)
1. Identify and locate famous constellations and describe their motions.	5.11	Locate stars and constellations on star maps Use the "Star and Planet Locator" to find major constellations on specific dates and times Compare the true location of the constellations to what astrologers claim to be your "sign" Use major constellations to aid in locating others. Label diagrams for each of the seasons Observe the major constellations for each season Field trip-Hayden Planetarium NYC Write a report on the myth associated with a famous constellation	Lab Report Teacher Observation Grade Diagrams c.c.-English & Social Studies-Greek & Roman mythology	Text, p. 392 Star Maps Star and Planet Locator Desktop Planetarium "Bushnell Super Star Machine" Library Research	W. I
2. Define and use several units which express distances in space.	5.11 5.5	Calculate distances to nearby stars using miles, kilometers, light years and astronomical units; Discuss looking at stars as a way of looking back in time	c.c.-Mathematics-ratios, conversions c.c.-English-reading Science Fiction Time Travel stories	Text	M. II
3. Compare the physical and chemical properties of the sun with other stars.	5.11 5.5	Construct a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram; Interpret star characteristics using a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram	Lab Report c.c.-Mathematics-logarithmic graphs	Lab Manual	M. IV
4. Compare the life cycles of small, medium, and large stars.	5.11 5.9	Class discussion of the formation and expected life cycle of our sun Observation of the Great Nebula and Horsehead Nebula in Orion Memorize the 6 stages in the life cycle of a star; Discuss how the process of fusion halts the collapse of the protostar Class discussion of the 1987 Supernova Identify examples of stars at various life cycle stages on a Hertzsprung Russell diagram; Class discussion of newtron stars, pulsars and LGM Demonstration of how pulsars resemble light houses; Class discussion of the properties, discovery and theories of Black Holes; Identify Black Hole Cygnus X-I on a star map; Write a report on the life and discoveries of Stephen Hawking; Guest Speaker-Nobel Laureat, Dr. Russell Hulce (discovered binary pulsars)	Teacher Observation Quiz c.c.-Physics-fusion reactions Lab Report c.c. & m.c.-overcoming disabilities c.c.-Physics, computers-pulsars	Text Library Research He spoke at ACHS in 11/94, (Karen Warner can contact him)	R. II M. IV W. I
5. Identify and describe types of galaxies.	5.11	Compare diagrams of elliptical, spiral and irregular galaxies; naming examples of each; Find our solar system on a diagram of the Milky Way; Calculate how far the Earth has traveled around our galaxy since major events in Earth history; Class discussion of quasars and the formation of galaxies	Teacher Observation c.c.-World History-dates of major events	Text	M. I R. II
6. Evaluate evidence for the Big Bang Theory.	5.11	Class discussion of the 5 major parts of the theory; Memorize the 5 parts of the theory; Discuss how the Doppler Effect supports the theory; Discuss the background radiation discovered by the Cobe satellite; Review how the positions of galaxies can be calculated for 15 billion years ago	Teacher Observation Quiz c.c.-Mathematics-rate and distance problems Test on objective 4B	Text	R. II M. I
C. The Sun & Its Solar System (Chapter 22)
1. Describe the layers of the sun.	5.11	Label diagrams of the sun; Discuss the discoveries made by Skylab, Solar Max and Ulysses; Chart Sunspot Cycles Special Education: - Peer tutor, cooperative learning groups, outline notes.	c.c.-English-Mythology (Ulysses) Read Homer’s Odyssey Lab Report	Text Holt General Science	R. II
2. Identify sources and describe effects of the solar wind.	5.11	Discussion of solar wind, solar flares, auroras and their effects on telecommunications	Teacher Observation	Text	R. II
3. Describe how the motions of the planets across our sky differ from those of stars and explain the cause of this difference.	5.11	Class discussion of diagrams of retrograde motion; Graph the retrograde motion of Mars; Diagram the phases of Venus, (Chapter 22, p. 411)	Teacher Observation Lab Report Grade Chapter Questions	Text Lab Manual	R. II M. IV
4. Describe the contributions of Copernicus and Galileo to the heliocentric model.	5.11 5.3	Compare heliocentric and geocentric models and how they explain retrograde motion; Discuss the lives of Copernicus and Galileo; Write a report on Copernicus; Write a report on Galileo	Teacher Observation Grade the report	Text Library Research	R. II W. I
5. Explain the importance of Tycho Brahe’s work.	5.3	Class discussion of Tycho’s work, working conditions and discoveries Write a report on Tycho Brahe	Teacher Observation Grade the report	Text Library Research	W. I
6. Explain Kepler’s Laws of planetary motion.	5.11 5.3	Construct ellipses and label the focus, aphelion and perihelion; Interpret graphs of ellipses; Label diagrams of Kepler’s 2nd law and relate them to the seasons Special Education: - Peer tutor, outline reports and facts, record text. Discuss the relationship between Kepler’s 2nd law and Newton’s Law of Gravity; Use Kepler’s 3rd law to calculate the planet’s distance and period	Teacher Observation c.c.-Mathematics-graphing ellipses Lab Report c.c.-Mathematics-ratios Test on objective 4C	Text, p. 408 Text	M. IV R. II M. I
D. The Planets & the Solar System (Chapter 23)
1. Describe the properties and features of Mercury.	5.11	Compare photos of Mercury and Earth’s moon, explain why they are similar Class discussion of Mercury’s period, rotation, temperature, gravity, size, and lack of atmosphere; Calculate your weight and age on Mercury	Teacher Observation	Text	R. II
2. Describe the properties and features of Venus and the means by which this data was collected.	5.11 5.4	Discuss photos of Venus and how they were obtained; Class discussion of Venus’ size, rotation, revolution, gravity, temperature and atmosphere; Discuss the effects of Venus’ atmosphere on the first probes sent their; Construct a model of the Greenhouse effect Special Education: - Record text, peer tutor, word processor. Create a creature which could survive on Venus and is adapted to conditions there. Include details on its habitat food source, and sketch of the creature	Teacher Observation Lab Report c.c.-Environmental Science-the Greenhouse Effect c.c.-English-creative writing Grade the report	Text Merrill Earth Science Lab Manual Library research on Venus, imagination	R. II W. I
3. Describe the properties and features of Mars and the means by which this data was collected.	5.11 5.4	Class discussion of Mars’ size, period, rotation, seasons, gravity, temperature, soil, atmosphere, ice caps, volcanoes, and canyons; Class discussion of the possibility of a Mars Colony-including new data from the Biosphere II experiment, and new technology necessary to overcome the lack of water, O₂ food, re-supply time. Decide who should go, etc.; Create a Martian (see #4 D2.5 above); Discuss the moons of Mars and the demise of Phobos Special Education: - Tape articles, peer tutor, guided notes, computer graphics, computer research.	Teacher Observation c.c.-Social Studies-What type of person chooses to become a colonist?	Text, p. 427 Text and library research	R. II W. I
4. Describe the properties, features and moons of Jupiter and the means by which this data was collected.	5.11 5.4	Class discussion of Jupiter’s size, rotation, period, gravity, rings, temperature, atmosphere, and rings and red spot; View video - "And then there was Voyager-Missions to Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune"; Discussion of new data sent by Galileo probe; Field trip- Goddard Space Center, MD (where Galileo sends its data); Discuss characteristics & photos of Calisto, Ganymeade, Io and Europe Construct a graph of the positions of the Galilean moons in relation to Jupiter Read or view 2010 and distinguish science fact from science fiction	Teacher Observation c.c.-Mathematics-graphing lab report c.c.-English-science fiction, read Arthur C. Clark’s 2001, 2010, 2060 Written Report	Text Video - "And Then There Was Voyager" Discover Magazine and other science journals Sister Nick, Georgian Court College Lab Manual Video "2010"	R. II M. IV W. I
5. Describe the properties, features, and moons of Saturn.	5.11 5.4	Class discussion of Saturn’s size, rotation, period, gravity, rings, temperature, atmosphere, and moons Discuss characteristics and photos of Saturn’s moon Titan; Read and discuss the article "First Food" and debate the probability of life on Titan. Answer the attached questions	Teacher Observation Grade the questions	Text "First Food"	R. II
6. Describe the properties, features and moons of Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.	5.11 5.4	Class discussion comparing and contrasting Uranus and Neptune; Class discussion of Pluto’s characteristics, unusual orbit and moon; Construct a model or diagram illustrating Pluto’s orbit and its moon	Teacher observation Grade the diagram	Text	R. II
7. Construct a scale model of the solar system.	5.11	Construct a scale model of the solar system using different scales for distance and diameter	Grade the model c.c.-Mathematics-measurement	Text	R. II M. II
8. Compare the major characteristics of inner and outer planets.	5.11	Construct a chart comparing major features of inner vs. outer planets	Grade the chart Test on the Planets objectives (4D 1-8)	Text	R. II
9. Describe the composition, orbit, and behavior of a comet.	5.11	Class discussion of the composition, orbit, and tail of a comet; Class discussion of Halley’s comet and the folklore surrounding it (1910, 1986, 1962); Class dis. of the Shoemaker-Levy comet’s impact on Jupiter Special Education: - Record text, peer tutor, cooperative groups, computer graphics, guided practice, computerize chart.	Teacher Observation	Text	R. II
10. Describe the characteristics and possible origin of asteroids.	5.11	Class discussion of asteroid orbit, features, moons; Debate the theories of asteroid origin	Teacher Observation	Text	R. II
11. Describe the types and origins of meteorites.	5.11	Class discussion of meteorites, meteors, meteoroids, and meteorite showers Chart the best viewing times for major meteor showers	Teacher Observation	Text Star Locator	R. II
12. Explain why meteorite craters are rare on Earth.	5.11	Use Plate Tectonics and knowledge of Earth’s atmosphere to explain the rarity of craters	Quiz on (objectives 4D 8-12) Comets, asteroids and meteorites	Text	R. II
E. Earth’s Moon (Chapter 24)
1. Describe the major goals and accomplishments of the Mercury and Gemini programs.	5.11 5.4 5.3 5.12	Class discussion of the Mercury and Femini programs; Class discussion of the type of person who would become an astronaut Special Education: - Peer tutor, record text, outline notes, highlight facts.	Teacher Observation	Text	R. II
2. Describe the accomplishments of the Apollo program.	5.11 5.4 5.3 5.12	Draw and label the Apollo spacecraft View video "The Apollo Moon Landings"; Memorize the date of the first lunar landing and Armstrong’s quote; Calculate escape velocity; Class discussion of the Apollo program; Field trip - National Aerospace Museum Class discussion of why we went to the moon and why we should go back Special Education: - Peer tutor, record text, outline notes, highlight facts.	Grade Diagram Teacher Observation	Text Video "The Apollo Moon Landings"	R. II
3. Describe the accomplishments of the space shuttle program.	5.11 5.4 5.3 5.2	Class discussion of the space shuttle program accomplishments; Diagram the parts of the space shuttle; Discuss who could be an astronaut today - which careers and backgrounds lead to space travel; Write a report about the life of an astronaut; Discuss the components of the space suit, and how it has improved Discuss the bathroom facilities on the shuttle; Field trip - Space Camp Special Education: - Cooperative learning, peer tutor, computer research, word processor. - Peer tutor, cooperative learning, guided practice tape text, computer research.	Teacher Observation Grade Report	Text Library Research NASA information packet	R. II W. I
4. Compare the properties of the moon with those of Earth.	5.11	Class dis. of the moon’s size, gravity, structure, atmosphere, soil; Alter the rules and regulations of Basketball so it could be played on the moon; Calculate your weight on the moon	Teacher Observation	Text	R. II
5. Explain why the same side of the moon always faces Earth.	5.11	Demonstration; Moon problem - which materials should you salvage from your ship to cover 50 miles on the moon to the rescue site?	Teacher Observation Grade the problem	Text NASA information packet
6. Outline the moon’s geologic history.	5.11	Class discussion; Construct an outline Compare the moon’s history to Earth’s Discuss the evidence which supports the most recent theory of the moon’s origin	Grade the outline Teacher Observation	Text	R. II
7. Describe and locate major lunar features.	5.11	Discuss the formation of the maria and the highlands; Describe and locate major craters and seas; Compare the features of the front & back of the moon; Discuss Lunar Folklore - man in the moon, blue moon, full moon, etc.; Locate the lunar landing sites; Field trip - Museum of Nat’l History NYC (Visit moon rocks)	Teacher Observation Quiz	Text	R. II
8. Describe and explain the moon’s phases.	5.11	Diagram of the moon’s phases - draw and label; Demonstration of the moon’s phases	Grade Diagram Teacher Observation	Text	R. II
9. Explain how and why eclipses occur.	5.11	Demonstration of lunar eclipse Diagram the moon’s orbit and a lunar eclipse; Determine why eclipses occur at all - would other planets experience them? Demonstration of a solar eclipse Diagram of a solar eclipse; Discussion of how to safely observe a solar eclipse	Grade Diagram Teacher Observation	Text	R. II
10. Explain the cause of various tides.	5.11	Diagram of spring tide & neap tide Discussion of tidal range at the Jersey shore compared to the Bay of Fundy Read and write a report on "What if the Moon Didn’t Exist? (Chapter 1 only) Special Education: - Outline diagrams, highlight important facts, cooperative learning	Grade Diagram Teacher Observation Grade the Report Test on Chapter 24	Text What if the Moon Didn’t Exist? by Neil F. Comins	R. II W. I
F. Earth’s Motions (Chapter 25)
1. Describe evidences for Earth’s rotation.	5.11	Discuss the right hand rule Construct a Foucault Pendulum	Lab Report	Lab Manual
2. Describe the basis for Earth’s time zones.	5.11	Class discussion of time zones & intentional date line; Determine the time in various time zones	Grade Worksheet	Text	R. II
3. Identify the causes of the seasons.	5.11	Diagram the Earth’s orbit and seasons Diagram the sun’s rays at solstices and equinoxes; Discuss life at the south pole in winter; Construct a graph showing solar distance and seasons; Make a chart of astronomical terms and their common meanings Special Education: - Peer tutor, cooperative groups, record readings, outline worksheets.	c.c.-Mathematics-graphing Lab Report Grade Chart Test on Chapter 25	Text	R. II M. IV
UNIT V - EARTH’S HISTORY
A. Describe the 4 major types of fossils.	5.10	Observe specimens; Class discussion of fossil formation; Field trip - Fossil Hunt, Poricy Park, Middlesex NJ; Students will compare the age of fossils Special Education: - Cooperative learning, outline notes, record text.	Teacher Observation Lab Report	Text Lab Manual	R. II
B. Describe the major events that occurred along the Geologic Time Scale.	5.10	Memorize the Geologic Time Scale using mnemonic devices; Discuss the geologic events of each era and place them on the time scale; Construct a Geologic Time Scale Model	Quiz Lab Report	Text Lab Manual	R. II
C. Use superposition and fossil correlation to determine relative age.	5.10	Worksheets on superposition and fossil correlation; Construct a stratigraphic column by correlating rock outcrops	Grade Worksheets Lab Report	Text Lab Manual	R. II
D. Explain how radioactive elements are used to determine absolute time.	5.10	Class discussion of radio carbon dating using charts from text; Solve problems to determine the age of fossils Special Education: - Cooperative learning, outline notes, record text.	Grade Worksheets Test on Unit 5	Text	R. II M. III

NOTE SPECIAL EDUCATION MODIFICATIONS SUGGESTIONS. SEE IEP FOR SPECIFIC ACCOMMODATIONS.

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